Understanding the Importance of Muharram in Islam

Muharram is known as the month of Allah and the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar.

The word 'Muharram' literally means 'forbidden.' This month is so sacred that certain actions are prohibited to maintain sanctity.

Both "Muharram" and "Masjidil Haram," the name for Allah's (SWT) house, are derived from the same Arabic root. These terms signify sacred spaces where every good and bad deed carries more weight.

Let's explore the significance of Muharram in Islam.

One of the Sacred Months in the Islamic Calendar

Muharram-ul-Haram is one of the four sacred months known as 'Asyhurul Hurum.' This holy month marks the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar. 

The importance of the Muharram month is also described in the Quran and Hadith, respectively:

"Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred." 

(Al-Tawbah 9:36)

"The year is twelve months, four of which are sacred. Three are in succession: Dhul-Qa'da, Dhul-Hijjah and Al-Muharram, and Rajab Mudar, which stands between Jumad and Sha'ban."

(Sahih al-Bukhari 4662)

Historically, the Islamic months of Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram were considered sacred. These months allowed pilgrims to perform Hajj safely without the fear of war or conflict.

Pilgrims would travel for Hajj during Dhul-Qa'dah and perform Hajj in Dhu al-Hijjah. They used to return home in Muharram, making these three months particularly revered.

Key Dates in Muharram

Following are the three important days of Muharram:

1st Muharram

The 1st of Muharram signifies the start of the new Islamic year. Although no specific acts of worship are prescribed for this day, Muslims can use it for reflection. It is a time to remember the journey and struggles of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and the Muslims of his time.

Actions for the Beginning of the Islamic New Year

Here are some suggested actions for Muslims at the beginning of the Islamic New Year:

• Reflect on the Past Year: Take time to reflect on your actions and achievements over the past year, seeking forgiveness for any shortcomings.
• Set Spiritual Goals: Establish spiritual goals for the new year, such as increasing Quran recitation, improving prayers, or learning more about Islamic teachings.
• Seek Knowledge: Dedicate time to seek knowledge about Islam, whether through reading, attending lectures, or engaging with knowledgeable individuals.
• Renew Intentions (Niyyah): Renew your intentions for all actions, ensuring they are sincerely for Allah's sake and align with Islamic principles.
• Increase Acts of Worship: Increase your devotion through voluntary prayers (Nawafil), fasting on recommended days, and supplication (Dua) for guidance and blessings.
• Strengthen Family Bonds: Strengthen ties with family and friends, fostering unity and support within the community.
• Practice Gratitude: Develop a habit of gratitude by acknowledging and appreciating Allah’s blessings in your life.
• Plan for Spiritual Growth: Plan consistent spiritual growth throughout the year, setting milestones and reviewing progress periodically.
• Engage in Community Service: Engage in community service activities to benefit others and contribute positively to society.

9th Muharram

Islamic scholars recommend fasting on the 9th of Muharram in addition to the 10th (Ashura), following the Prophet's (ﷺ) practice.

When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fasted on the day of 'Ashura and told the people to fast, they said,

'O Messenger of Allah, this is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.' 

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'Next year, if Allah wills, we will fast on the ninth day.' But by the time the following year came, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) had passed away."

(Sahih al-Muslim)

He initially fasted on Ashura and intended to add the 9th to distinguish from the Jewish and Christian observances.

10th Muharram

10th Muharram, also called the day of Ashura, is observed in the month of Muharram. The significance of the 10th of Muharram marks various historical events that are deeply ingrained in the faith's teachings and serve as reminders of resilience, faith, and divine mercy.

Muslims commemorate Ashura for several reasons, notably:

Firstly, it commemorates the salvation of Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Israelites from the tyrannical Pharaoh, as mentioned in the Quran. The day symbolizes victory over oppression and serves as a reminder of Allah's mercy and deliverance.

Secondly, on the Day of Ashura, Prophet Nuh (AS) found relief. According to a narration reported by Imam Ahmad (RH). It was on this day [Ashura] that the Ark of Nuh (AS) came to rest on Mount Judi. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir]

Thirdly, Fasting on the Day of Ashura is a practice of reflection and gratitude for Muslims. It follows the fast observed by the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and his followers and aligns with the actions of Prophet Musa (AS).

Fourthly, on this day martyrdom of Imam Hussain (AS) and other family members of the Prophet (ﷺ) occurred during the Battle of Karbala.

Ashura Fasting

Narrated by Ibn Umar:

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to fast on the 10th of Muharram (‘Ashura) and instructed others to do the same. However, after fasting during Ramadan became obligatory, the fast of ‘Ashura was no longer mandatory. Ibn Umar would not fast on ‘Ashura unless it happened to fall on a day he usually fasted.

Sahih al-Bukhari 1892

This hadith shows that the Prophet (ﷺ) encouraged fasting on ‘Ashura before Ramadan became obligatory. Afterward, fasting on ‘Ashura became optional, and Ibn Umar only observed it if it coincided with his regular fasting days.

Virtues of Muharram

During this sacred month, Muslims are driven to elevate their spiritual devotion through the following acts of worship.

Reciting the Quran

Muharram encourages Muslims to deepen their connection with the Quran by reciting it more frequently. The serene atmosphere of this month enhances the spiritual benefits of reflecting upon and understanding Allah’s guidance.

Fasting

Beyond obligatory fasting, there is great importance of Muharram fasting.

The prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said,  

“The best way of fasting after the month of Ramadan is fasting in Allah's month of Muharram.”

(Sahih al-Muslim)

Fasting on the 9th and 10th of Muharram (Ashura) is a Sunnah practice that earns immense rewards. It also serves as a means of expressing gratitude to Allah for His mercy and blessings.

Performing Voluntary Prayers

Engaging in extra prayers (Nafl) during Muharram is a way to seek closeness to Allah and earn additional spiritual rewards. These prayers, performed with sincerity and devotion, strengthen one's faith and foster a deeper connection to the Creator.

These practices not only fulfill religious obligations but also embody the spirit of Muharram. They enhance spiritual growth and foster a sense of community and compassion among Muslims worldwide.

Giving Charity (Sadaqah)

As the first month of the Islamic new year, Muharram is an ideal time to practice regular charity, known as Sadaqah. Whether contributing towards community projects, supporting orphanages, or aiding those in need, every act of charity during this month is magnified in reward. 

You can donate your charity to Pakistan Sweet Home, a trusted organization dedicated to supporting orphans and vulnerable children. 

Impact of Muharram on Communities

Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, brings spiritual depth and social reflection to Muslim communities. Beyond marking the Islamic New Year, it serves as a powerful reminder of sacrifice, unity, and moral courage.

• Promotes reflection and renewal – Encourages individuals and communities to assess their values, actions, and intentions at the start of the new Hijri year.
• Strengthens unity – Brings people together through gatherings, lectures, and collective remembrance of historical events.
• Revives the spirit of sacrifice – The legacy of Imam Hussain (RA) at Karbala teaches selflessness, bravery, and standing up against injustice.
• Inspires charitable actions – Many use this month to give Sadaqah, feed others, or support the less fortunate.
• Fosters moral education – Mosques and community centers often host events that educate about Islamic history and ethical values.
• Encourages youth involvement – Young Muslims engage in learning, volunteering, and commemorative activities that connect them to their faith.

In conclusion, Muharram, the first month of the Hijri calendar, holds profound significance in Islamic tradition. It marks a time for increased devotion through acts like reciting the Quran, fasting, and giving charity. 

The Day of Ashura, a focal point of this month, serves as a reminder of divine mercy and the victory of righteousness over oppression. As Muslims reflect on these teachings and engage in spiritual practices, Muharram offers an opportunity for renewal and gratitude. Muharram's impact goes beyond religious rituals—it cultivates compassion, community service, and spiritual growth across all generations.

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